{"id":148763,"date":"2026-09-08T10:15:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-08T10:15:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aranzazu-abogados.com\/?p=148763"},"modified":"2026-10-01T11:38:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T11:38:07","slug":"legitimation-loi-applicable-ou-loi-du-for","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aranzazu-abogados.com\/fr\/legitimation-loi-applicable-ou-loi-du-for\/","title":{"rendered":"La l\u00e9gitimation doit-elle suivre la loi applicable ou la loi du for ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eapil.org\/2026\/08\/31\/should-standing-follow-the-applicable-law-or-the-law-of-the-forum\/?utm_source=mailpoet&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_source_platform=mailpoet&amp;utm_campaign=new-contents-on-the-eapil-blog_2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">La l\u00e9gitimation doit-elle suivre la loi applicable ou la loi du for ? \u2013 EAPIL<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/eapil.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/260826.png?resize=333%2C222&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-29452\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5;width:333px;height:auto\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans une&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rattspraxis.etjanst.domstol.se\/api\/v1\/bilagor\/190%2F9a%2F6f%2F9a6f2d63-5ca3-437e-9b75-8cc11673b909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">d\u00e9cision du 14 juillet<\/a>, la Cour supr\u00eame de Su\u00e8de a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 si la qualit\u00e9 pour agir dans une proc\u00e9dure alimentaire est r\u00e9gie par la loi applicable \u00e0 l\u2019obligation alimentaire en vertu du&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/assets.hcch.net\/docs\/d5f89587-f5f1-4c86-aa40-70472892cf11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Protocole de La Haye de 2007 sur la loi applicable aux obligations alimentaires<\/a>&nbsp;ou par la loi du for selon le principe&nbsp;<em>lex for regit processum<\/em>. La Cour a jug\u00e9 que la qualit\u00e9 pour agir rel\u00e8ve du champ de la loi applicable. Le droit canadien \u00e9tant applicable et ne permettant pas \u00e0 l\u2019ex-conjoint d\u2019introduire la demande dans ces circonstances, la Cour a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la proc\u00e9dure irrecevable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contexte<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Deux ressortissants danois, anciennement mari\u00e9s, avaient eu leur derni\u00e8re r\u00e9sidence habituelle commune au Canada. L\u2019un d\u2019eux a continu\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9sider en Ontario (Canada), tandis que l\u2019autre s\u2019est install\u00e9 en Su\u00e8de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2021, un tribunal su\u00e9dois a prononc\u00e9 le divorce du couple. L\u2019ex-conjoint r\u00e9sidant au Canada a \u00e9galement demand\u00e9 une pension alimentaire. Dans un jugement partiel sur la loi applicable \u00e0 cette demande, <strong>le tribunal su\u00e9dois a jug\u00e9 que le droit canadien \u00e9tait applicable en vertu de l\u2019article 3 du Protocole de La Haye de 2007.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019ex-conjoint r\u00e9sidant en Su\u00e8de a demand\u00e9 que la demande alimentaire soit d\u00e9clar\u00e9e irrecevable. Il a soutenu que, selon le droit canadien, un ex-conjoint ne peut pas pr\u00e9senter de demande alimentaire apr\u00e8s qu\u2019un jugement de divorce a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu dans un pays autre que le Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance comme la cour d\u2019appel ont rejet\u00e9 l\u2019argument de l\u2019ex-conjoint r\u00e9sidant en Su\u00e8de, estimant qu\u2019une telle question proc\u00e9durale ne fait pas partie de la loi applicable. Cette question, relative au champ de la loi applicable, a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un recours devant la Cour supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La d\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans son arr\u00eat, la Cour supr\u00eame a relev\u00e9 qu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un principe internationalement reconnu que les <strong>questions proc\u00e9durales sont r\u00e9gies par la loi du for (<em>lex fori regit processum<\/em>)<\/strong>. Toutefois, la qualification d\u2019une question comme proc\u00e9durale aux fins du droit international priv\u00e9 est plus restrictive que dans des affaires purement internes. La Cour supr\u00eame a donc poursuivi en indiquant que les questions relatives aux formalit\u00e9s devraient principalement \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9es de proc\u00e9durales aux fins du droit international priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque les r\u00e8gles de conflit de lois d\u00e9coulent d\u2019instruments de l\u2019UE, la distinction entre questions de fond et questions proc\u00e9durales doit \u00eatre op\u00e9r\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re autonome, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019en se r\u00e9f\u00e9rant au droit proc\u00e9dural national. En l\u2019esp\u00e8ce, les r\u00e8gles de conflit de lois pertinentes figuraient dans le Protocole de La Haye de 2007, auquel renvoie l\u2019article 15 du&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009R0004&amp;qid=1787754253659\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">r\u00e8glement Obligations alimentaires<\/a>&nbsp;de l\u2019UE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019article 11 du Protocole contient une liste non exhaustive de mati\u00e8res r\u00e9gies par la loi applicable \u00e0 l\u2019obligation alimentaire. L\u2019article 11, point d), pr\u00e9voit que la loi applicable d\u00e9termine \u00ab qui peut introduire une action alimentaire, sauf en ce qui concerne les questions de capacit\u00e9 d\u2019agir en justice et de repr\u00e9sentation dans la proc\u00e9dure \u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La Cour supr\u00eame a conclu que l\u2019article 11, point d), couvre la question de la qualit\u00e9 pour agir, mais exclut les questions de capacit\u00e9 d\u2019agir en justice et de repr\u00e9sentation l\u00e9gale. La question en l\u2019esp\u00e8ce \u00e9tant une question de qualit\u00e9 pour agir, le droit canadien devait lui \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sur la base des \u00e9l\u00e9ments de preuve pr\u00e9sent\u00e9s quant au contenu du droit canadien, la Cour supr\u00eame a constat\u00e9 que la pension alimentaire entre \u00e9poux est r\u00e9glement\u00e9e tant au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral que provincial au Canada. Selon la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/d-3.4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Loi sur le divorce<\/a>, un tribunal peut rendre une ordonnance de pension alimentaire entre \u00e9poux dans une proc\u00e9dure accessoire. Toutefois, lorsqu\u2019un divorce a \u00e9t\u00e9 prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, un ex-conjoint ne peut pas introduire une telle proc\u00e9dure et un tribunal canadien n\u2019a donc pas comp\u00e9tence pour statuer sur la question de la pension alimentaire. Selon la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ontario.ca\/laws\/statute\/90f03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">Loi sur le droit de la famille<\/a>&nbsp;de l\u2019Ontario, les \u00e9poux divorc\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas qualit\u00e9 pour pr\u00e9senter une demande de pension alimentaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Appliquant le droit canadien, la Cour supr\u00eame a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 la demande alimentaire irrecevable. La Cour a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que cela correspondait \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont l\u2019affaire aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 trait\u00e9e par un tribunal canadien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 soutenu que la Cour supr\u00eame devrait saisir la Cour de justice de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne d\u2019une question pr\u00e9judicielle. La Cour supr\u00eame a refus\u00e9 de le faire, estimant que l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation correcte du droit de l\u2019UE \u00e9tait claire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Commentaire<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019arr\u00eat favorise l\u2019harmonie internationale des d\u00e9cisions. En traitant la limitation du droit \u00e9tranger comme faisant partie de la loi r\u00e9gissant l\u2019obligation alimentaire, la Cour supr\u00eame a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 garantir que la demande aurait le m\u00eame r\u00e9sultat proc\u00e9dural en Su\u00e8de qu\u2019au Canada. Du point de vue du droit international priv\u00e9, ce raisonnement est bienvenu, car il fait progresser l\u2019objectif fondamental d\u2019obtenir des r\u00e9sultats coh\u00e9rents entre les juridictions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame de Su\u00e8de pr\u00e9cise que la qualit\u00e9 pour agir en mati\u00e8re alimentaire rel\u00e8ve de la loi applicable \u00e0 l\u2019obligation alimentaire en vertu du Protocole de La Haye de 2007.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qualit\u00e9 pour agir en mati\u00e8re alimentaire : loi applicable ou loi du for ? 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